課程目錄

概念引入

省略的使用主要在于避免重復(fù),可以使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔、緊湊、重點(diǎn)突出、表達(dá)有力。省略的

原則是不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起歧義。所以我們要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)“省略”的常見(jiàn)規(guī)則,以便正確應(yīng)

用英語(yǔ),另卜,考查省略的題在高考題中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn).

我們先看看這些句子:

1.If(it is)possible,discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.

2.Often the illness or injury is not serious,but there are other times when(the illness or injury is serious and)giving first aid cquickly can save lives.

3.These affect both the top(layer of the skin)and the second layer of the skin.4.Bums are called first(degree bums),second(degree bums)or third degree burns,depending on which layers of the skin are burned.

5.He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend ditant to help the accident victim).

6.To her teachis surprise,she did better in her first aid exam than(she was)expectedto do).

括號(hào)內(nèi)為省略部分,把省略部分遮住,再次觀察句子,思考:

是不是什么都能省略呢?究竟可以省略那些司句呢?省略有什么規(guī)嗎?

用法講解

功能詞的省略:

1.冠詞的省略

1)兩個(gè)并列名詞都有同一冠詞,第二個(gè)名詞的冠詞常可省略。

Is the baby a boy or(a)g這個(gè)嬰兒是男還是女孩?

Both the old and(the)young will enjoy the TV series.

老年人和年輕人都會(huì)喜歡這電視連續(xù)劇。

2)家庭成員前可以省略其前的詞或代司等,把該詞大寫(xiě)即可。

Dad never scolds me but Mom do爸爸從不責(zé)罵我,而媽媽卻不同。

3)表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的職位,而不是這個(gè)職業(yè)所具體指的那個(gè)人時(shí),常省略冠詞。

Henry,head of our team,was determined to give up this game.

我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)享利決定放棄這場(chǎng)比賽。

但是:如果省略了第二個(gè)冠詞后會(huì)誤認(rèn)為一人或一物時(shí),就不可省略。

They are the gardener and the gatekeep他們一個(gè)是園丁,一個(gè)是門衛(wèi)。

對(duì)比:the gardener and gatekeepe園丁兼門衛(wèi)

2.介詞的省略

1)表示一段時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)中for多省略,但是否定句中或句首不省略。

I've studied English(for)five yea我已學(xué)五年英語(yǔ)了。

For a wihole year,I was helping my dad on the 整我都在農(nóng)場(chǎng)幫我爸爸。

2)of 在與age,size,colour,height,shap等名詞連用時(shí),常可省略。

The two pairs of shoes are(of)the same 逸鞋號(hào)碼一樣大。

3)near to,opposite to,in…way in.…style,at about..dclock等中的介詞可省略。

I live near(to)the supermarket jmutalling about.我住在你們說(shuō)的那家超市附近。

Will you sit opposite(to)me and have a friendly talk?

你們能坐在我對(duì)面友好地談嗎?

4)在-ing前的介詞可省略。

have difficulty/trouble(in)doing st做某事有困難spend/waste/pass..(in/on)doing st范浪費(fèi)度過(guò)…….做某事stop/prevent..(from)doing st阻止….做某事end up..(by)doing stl做.……結(jié)束

What's the good(of)doing 做.….有什么好處?

have a good/pleasant hard time(in)doing ih……過(guò)得愉快艱難5)以any,each,every;next,last,some,this,that,等拜頭的表示時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)中,常省略介詞。

You may come here any da你哪天來(lái)都行。

不定式中的省略

1.省略句子中與前面重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形,只保留不定式符號(hào)o:

1)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如be going to,used to,have to,ought to,be able to,be about to,would liket后的動(dòng)詞原形。

I canit stand as much as I used 我無(wú)法像過(guò)去一樣忍受那么多了。

-Will you go to the cinema with n你原和我一起去看電影嗎?

-Well,Id like to(go with yo我原意。

2)want,decide,like,love,hope,wish,mean,refuse,等yto(do).…Jack dicdhit pass the driving test,but he still hopes to.

杰克沒(méi)有通過(guò)駕照考試,但是他仍然希望能通過(guò)。

He may leave if he wishes 他可以走,如果他愿意的話。

3)ask,tell,order,advise,persuade,wam,wish,permit,alirsb.to(do)..

Mary wanted to use your new bike,but I asked her not to.

瑪麗要用你的新自行車,但是我沒(méi)有讓她用。

Don't go til I tell you 等我叫你走你再走。

4)形容 happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready,pleased,afrto(do)..

-Will you come for a wall想去散步嗎?

-I'm glad to.想去。

2.省略to:

1)并列的不定式中的第二個(gè)不定式的to常省略,但如果是對(duì)比關(guān)系,則不能省:

It's very kind of you to meet me at the railway station and(to)drive me home.

你們來(lái)火車站接我還用車送我回家真是太好了。

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easieto mtake it more difficult.

新技術(shù)的目的是要讓生活更輕松自在,而不是讓生活更準(zhǔn)過(guò)。

2)使役動(dòng)詞have、make、let 和感官動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略 to,但是變成被動(dòng)句后要加上。

句子成分的省略

1.省略主語(yǔ),特別是祈使句中的you常省略。

(You)Do be more careful in futu今后一定要小心。

(1)Beg your pardon.(我)請(qǐng)你原諒。

(lt)Looks as if it will rai看起來(lái)像要下雨。

2.省略滑語(yǔ)或滑語(yǔ)的一部分

Who(comes)next該誰(shuí)了?

The river was deep and the ice(was)通水很深而且冰也薄。

You(are)doing this on purpose你是有意做的嗎?

有時(shí)省略謂語(yǔ)中的主要?jiǎng)釉~

We'll do the best we can(d我們會(huì)盡最大的努力。

3.省略系動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)

1)為了交流方便,常省略系動(dòng)詞。

Everything(is)in good conditioe-切順利。

I refuse,however good the conditions(ar條件再好,我還是拒絕。

2)省略表語(yǔ)

一Are you ready?你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?-Yes,I am(ready)我準(zhǔn)備好了。

He was a lover of sports as he had been(a lover of sports)in his youth.

他還是像年輕時(shí)那樣,是一位運(yùn)愛(ài)好者。

4.省略賓語(yǔ)

Let's do the dishes.lI wash(the dishes)and jdudry(the dishes).

讓我們洗碗吧,我來(lái)洗,你來(lái)干。

She washed(the shirt),ironed(the shirt),and folded the shirt她洗完了襯衫,并且把它熨好、疊好。

并列句中的省略

1.如果主語(yǔ)不同,而動(dòng)詞中的一部分相同,則省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中相同的那部分。

John must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.

約第一定在踢球,而瑪麗一定在做作業(yè)。

2.主語(yǔ)相同,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也相同,則二者都可以省略。

His suggestions made John happy,but(his suggestions made)Mary angry.

他的建議使約翰高興,卻使瑪麗很生氣。

3.主語(yǔ)相同,而謂語(yǔ)不同,則可以省略主語(yǔ)。

old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but(he)soon returned to his old ways.

老麥克唐納減了陣子煙,可很快又抽上了。

復(fù)合句中的省略

【高青課堂:Unit 5語(yǔ)法精講狀語(yǔ)從句的省略一賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略】

1.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

1)在when,while,as,until,once,if,unles,though,although,as if,as though,even if,even though等詞連接狀語(yǔ)從句中,常省略與主句相同的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。

When Iam)in trouble,I always tum to her for每順時(shí),我總是向她求助。

Errors,if(there is)any,should be correct誤,如果有的話,應(yīng)該糾正。

Wood gives much smoke while(wood is)buni電頭燃燒時(shí)會(huì)冒出許多煙。

I won't go even rm)invited.就是被邀請(qǐng),我也不會(huì)去。

2)在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常省略與前面比較的一方相同的部分:

She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expet此預(yù)料的提前完成了工作。

She can dance ballet just as wonderfully as you(do).

He is not so busy as he was(busy)last 他不像去年那么忙了。

3)when 就ifwhere,wherever,whenever)+possiblenecessa省略了it is/wai Answer these questiong if(it is)possible,without referring to the book.

回答這些問(wèn)題,如果可能的話,不要看書(shū)。

Is this the reason(that)he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

這是在會(huì)上他為工作中的粗心大意而解解的理由嗎?

Tom(whom)you saw yesterday fell 非天你見(jiàn)過(guò)的湯姆病了。

2)先行詞為the time,the place,the v等,可以省略連接詞。

This is the first time(whenthat)he had trouble with the boss.

這是第一次他與老板有了糾紛。

He wants to find a good place(where that)we can have a picnic during the"golden week”

holiday.他想找個(gè)好地方在“黃金周”期間我們可以野餐。

I don't like the way(thatin whichu laugh at her我不喜歡你朝笑她的方式。

特別提醒:

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的that般不省略。

3.賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略

1)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that常省略。但是并列賓語(yǔ)從句中,只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。

The manager explained(that)the task was difficult ted the weather was bad.

經(jīng)理解釋說(shuō)任務(wù)艱巨而且天氣糟糕。

2)省略與前面相同的成分,只保留賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

Iknow(thatan NBA star will come to our city but I don't know(leeNBA star will come to our city)我知道一個(gè)NBA明星要來(lái)我們城市,但是我不知道什么時(shí)候。

He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why(he wants to move abroad).

他想移居到國(guó)外去,他的父母親想知道為什么。

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