NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2
Lesson 1 A private conversation
【New words and expressions】（12）
private adj. 私人的
conversation n. 談話
theatre n. 劇場(chǎng)，戲院
seat n. 座位
play n. 戲
loudly adv. 大聲地
angry adj. 生氣的
angrily adv. 生氣地
attention n. 注意
bear v. 容忍
business n. 事
rudely adv. 無禮地，粗魯?shù)?/p>
★private adj.私人的
① adj. 私人的
private life 私生活
private school 私立學(xué)校
It's my private letter. （如果媽媽想看你的信）
It's my private house. （如果陌生人想進(jìn)你的房子）
② adj. 普通的
private citizen 普通公民
I’m a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）
private soldier 大兵
《Private Ryan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》）
public adj. 公眾的，公開的（private的反義詞）
public school 公立學(xué)校
public letter 公開信
public place 公共場(chǎng)所
privacy n.隱私
It’s privacy. 這是我的隱私!(不愿讓別人知道的)
★conversation n.談話
have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名詞變動(dòng)詞
conversation 一般用于正式文體中, 內(nèi)容上往往不正式
subject of conversation 話題
They are having a conversation.
talk 內(nèi)容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人
Let’s have a talk.
dialogue 對(duì)話, 可以指正式國家與國家會(huì)談
China and Korea are having a dialogue.
chat 閑聊，就是北京人說的“侃”，說的是無關(guān)緊要的事。
gossip 嚼舌頭, 說長道短
★theatre n.劇場(chǎng), 戲劇
cinema n.電影院
★seat n.座位
have a good seat/place，這里的seat指place(指地點(diǎn))，而不是chair.
take a seat/take your seat 坐下來, 就坐
Is the seat taken? 這個(gè)位置有人嗎?
請(qǐng)坐的3種說法 :
Sit down, please. (命令性)
Take your seat, please.
Be seated, please. (更禮貌)
作為動(dòng)詞的seat與sit的區(qū)別
sit（sat，sitten） vi. 就座
He is sitting there. 他坐在那兒。
seat vt.讓某人就座
seat sb. 讓某人就坐，后面會(huì)加人
Seat yourself.
You seat him.你給他找個(gè)位置.
When all those present(到場(chǎng)者)_D_ he began his lecture.
A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated
sit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐
★angry adj. 生氣的
★angrily adv. 生氣的
angry =cross
I was angry. /He was cross.
annoyed: 惱火的;
be blue in the face 臉上突然變色
程 I was annoyed.
度 I was angry/cross.
加 I was very angry.
深 I am blue in the face. (臉色都青了, 相當(dāng)生氣了)
★attention n. 注意
Attention ,please. 請(qǐng)注意(口語)
pay attention 注意
pay attention to … 對(duì)……注意
You must pay attention to that girl.
pay a little attention 稍加注意
pay much attention 多加注意
pay more attention 更多注意
pay no attention 不用注意
pay close attention 特別注意
★bear(bore, born) v. 容忍
① vt. 承受，支撐，承擔(dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)
Can the ice bear my weight?
Who will bear the cost? 誰來承擔(dān)這筆費(fèi)用？
② vt. 忍受（一般與can/could連用于疑問句及否定句中）
She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看著受不了。
How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么能受得了住在這個(gè)地方？
bear =stand =put up with
I can't bear/stand you.
endure:忍受,容忍
put up with :忍受
I got divorced（離婚）.I could not put up with him
bear/stand/endure 忍受的極限在加大
bear n.熊 white bear 白熊
bear hug :熱情(熱烈)的擁抱
give sb. a bear hug
★business n. 事, 生意
① n. 生意
business man :生意人
do business: 做生意
go to some place on business:因公出差
I went to Tianjin on business.
② n. 某人自己的私人的事情
It's my business. (指私人的事, 自己處理的事)
It's none of your business. 不關(guān)你的事。
★rudely adv. 無禮地, 粗魯?shù)?/p>
rude adj. 粗魯?shù)模瑹o禮的
★pay vt. &vi. 支付
① vt. &vi. 支付（價(jià)款等）
Have you paid the taxi-driver?
You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds… 您可以先付30英鎊的定金……
I’ll pay by installments.
I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. （pay…for sth. 花/支付……（錢）買……）
② vt. &vi. 給予（注意等）；去（訪問）
They did not pay any attention.
We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。
③ n. 工資，報(bào)酬
I have not received my pay yet. 我還沒有領(lǐng)到工資。
【Text】
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said angrily.
"It's none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!"
參考譯文：
上星期我去看戲。我的座位很好, 戲很有意思, 但我卻無法欣賞. 一青年男子與一青年女子坐在我的身后, 大聲地說著話。我非常生氣, 因?yàn)槲衣牪灰娧輪T在說什么。我回過頭去怒視著那一男一女, 他們卻毫不理會(huì)。最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回過頭去, 生氣地說：“我一個(gè)字也聽不見了!”
“不關(guān)你的事, “那男的毫不客氣地說, “這是私人間的談話!”
【課文講解】
1、Last week I went to the theatre.
動(dòng)詞go的原義是離開一個(gè)地方去另一個(gè)地方，與介詞to連用后，常加上主語所要去的目的來代表主語的動(dòng)作目的。
go to the +地點(diǎn) 表示去某地干嘛
go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去劇場(chǎng)看戲
go to the cinema =see a film 去電影院看電影
go to the dairy 去牛奶店
go to the + 人 + 's 表示去這個(gè)人開的店
go to the doctor's 去看病；go to the butcher's 買肉
以下短語中名詞前不加冠詞：
go to school 去上學(xué)；go to church 去做禮拜；go to hospital(醫(yī)院) 去看病；go to bed 上床，睡覺；go home（跟home相連一定表示沒有事情可做,回家休息）
I am at home. 在家休息
2、I had a very good seat.
seat一般指戲院、汽車等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。
the front seat of a car 汽車的前座
Take a seat, please. 請(qǐng)坐。
3、I did not enjoy it.
enjoy vt. 欣賞，享受，喜愛
① enjoy +n. 喜歡,從當(dāng)中得到一種享受（后面不能跟人）
I enjoy the music.
enjoy the dinner/film/program/game
② enjoy oneself/代詞 玩的開心
We always enjoy ourselves.
③ enjoy +動(dòng)名詞
Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.
4、I got very angry.
get在這里有“逐漸變得”的含義，接近become，是個(gè)表示過程的動(dòng)詞，表示狀態(tài)的變化。而I was very angry則僅表示當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)是生氣，并不暗示過程。
I am/was angry. 是一個(gè)事實(shí)
I got angry. 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過程
It is hot.
It got hot.
got取代be動(dòng)詞，got是一個(gè)半聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞,可以直接加形容詞。
5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round.
hear+人:聽見某人的話
I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?
I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your words.
I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.
Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.
turn round =turn around 轉(zhuǎn)身
6、In the end, I could not bear it.
in the end 最后，終于，表示一段較長的時(shí)間之后或某種努力之后
She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.
I could not bear it/you/the noise.
7、I can't hear a word!
I can't hear a word.
美音:肯定I can [] 否定,I can't[],它的/t/是吞進(jìn)去的, 在讀音上很難區(qū)別, 只能根據(jù)上下文來定
hear a word of sb. （a word 等于一句話）
He didn't say a word.
May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?
8、It's none of your business.
one’s business 指某人（所關(guān)心的或份內(nèi)）的事
It's none of your business./None of your business./It's my business. 不關(guān)你的事。
It is my business to look after your health. 我必須照顧你的身體健康。
none相當(dāng)于not any或no one，但語氣較強(qiáng)。
She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也沒有保留。
none of 這個(gè)短語有時(shí)可以表達(dá)一種斷然、甚至粗暴的口氣，尤其是在祈使句中：
None of your silly remarks! 別說傻話了！
【Key structures】
簡(jiǎn)單陳述句的語序
陳述句一定是有主語,有動(dòng)詞,有賓語,有句號(hào)
6 1 2 3 4 5 6
when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When?
Which? Which?
What? What?
1 ---主語，一般由名詞、代詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成，通常位于動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞必須與主語一致，即主語決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式
2 ---謂語，由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)
3 ---賓語，一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語
4 ---副詞或介詞短語,對(duì)方式或狀態(tài)提問,往往做狀語 I like her very much
5 ---地點(diǎn)狀語，一般在方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前
6 ---時(shí)間狀語，可以放在句首或句末
簡(jiǎn)單陳述句一定不能少的是主語, 謂語.
如果問何時(shí)何地,是一個(gè)固定搭配 when and where
【Multiple choice questions】
1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily ___b___ .
a. and they stopped talking b. but they didn't stop talking
c. but they didn't notice him d. but they looked at him rudely
"They did not pay any attention." 不是沒看見，只是思想上沒在意
pay attention: 從思想上注意、在意，如交通安全應(yīng)注意.
notice: 眼睛上注意(=see 眼睛看)
I notice her.
4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ___d___ them.
a. before b. above c. ahead of d. in front of
behind: 在……后面
in front of 在……前面 (相對(duì)靜止的概念)
before 在……前面 (后面加詞或句子，一般和時(shí)間相連)
He arrived before six o'clock.
before he came back
above 在……上面
ahead of 在……前面 (+時(shí)間、位置)(動(dòng)態(tài)的行為)
ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.
5 ___c___ did the writer feel? Angry.
a. Where b. Why c. How d. When
特殊疑問詞對(duì)后面的答案提問
how(adv.)——對(duì)一個(gè)方式、狀態(tài)提問，對(duì)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語提問
7 The young man and the young woman paid ___d___ attention to the writer.
a. none b. any c. not any d. no
any ——用在否定句和疑問句中
some——用在肯定句中
none——代詞，沒有任何東西、沒有任何人
None knows./None of us knows.
not——否定詞,要放在非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面
not any=no
He didn't pay attention.
no——形容詞、修飾名詞
I don't have any friends./I have no friends.
I have no time./I don't have any time.
11 The writer could not bear it. He could not ___c___ it.
a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. lift
bear 忍受=stand
suffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉體上)痛苦，suffer后面必須加一種痛苦
I suffer the headache.（肉體上的痛苦）
He often suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeat n. 失敗）
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?
【New words and expressions】（5）
until prep. 直到
outside adv. 外面
ring v. （鈴、電話等）響（rang, rung）
aunt n. 姑，姨，嬸，舅母
repeat v. 重復(fù)
★until prep.直到
until用于表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)等的持續(xù)，可譯為“一直到……為止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它與表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用，表示持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻：
I’ll wait here until 5. 我會(huì)在這里等到5點(diǎn)鐘。
His father was alive until he came back. 直到他回來為止,他爸爸都是活著的.
在否定句中，它通常與描述短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用，表示“到……為止”、“直到……才”：
She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6點(diǎn)才能來。
His father didn't die until he came back. 直到他回來,他爸爸才死.
until（后的從句）的時(shí)間終止之前,這個(gè)動(dòng)作做了還是沒做？做了前面的主句用肯定；沒做前面的主句用否定
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A. waited B. didn't wait
A. leave B. left C. didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★outside adv. 外面（作狀語）
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outside.
★ring(rang. rung) v.(鈴、電話等)響
① vt. 鳴，(鈴、電話等)響(這種響是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)
Every morning the clock rings at 6.
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
而風(fēng)鈴等響要用jingle，jingle (bell) (鈴兒) 響叮當(dāng)
② vt. 打電話給（美語中用call）
ring sb. 給某人打電話
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
③ n. （打）電話
give sb. a ring
Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.
④ n. 戒指
★aunt n. 姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長一輩的女性都用這個(gè)稱呼)
男性則是uncle: 叔叔
他們的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)
cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女
★repeat v. 重復(fù)
① vt. 重復(fù)
Will you repeat the last word?
They are repeating that wonderful paly.
② vi. 重做，重說
Please repeat after me.
Don’t repeat.
【Text】
It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'
'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.
'What are you doing?' she asked.
'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'
參考譯文：
那是個(gè)星期天, 而在星期天我是從來不早起的, 有時(shí)我要一直躺到吃午飯的時(shí)候. 上個(gè)星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天氣!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在這時(shí), 電話鈴響了. 是我姑母露西打來的. “我剛下火車, “她說, “我這就來看你. “
“但我還在吃早飯, “我說.
“你在干什么?” 她問道.
“我正在吃早飯, “我又說了一遍.
“天啊, “她說, “你總是起得這么晚嗎?現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)1點(diǎn)鐘了!”
【課文講解】
1、It was Sunday.
it指時(shí)間、天氣、溫度或距離，it被稱為“虛主語”（empty subject）。作為第三人稱單數(shù)的中性代詞，it可以指一件東西、一件事件或用來指是什么人：
It is a lovely baby.
2、I never get up early on Sundays.
on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，表示經(jīng)常性的行為。
介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時(shí)間短語中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day
當(dāng)使用last，next，this，that時(shí)，介詞（以及定冠詞）必須省略：
I’ll see you next/this Friday.
never 從來不 (可以直接用在動(dòng)詞前面)=助動(dòng)詞+not (變成否定句,前面一定要加助動(dòng)詞)
I don't like her.=I never like her.
3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
在表達(dá)臥床時(shí)bed前不需加冠詞：
It’s time for bed now.
You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必須再臥床兩天。
4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.
just then: 就在那時(shí)
如果不知道對(duì)方性別, 他/她可以用it取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?
5、I've just arrived by train,
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞, 復(fù)數(shù))；如果加修飾詞, 就要換掉by用in或on
I go out by bus.
I go out in/on two buses. （指具體的兩輛車介詞用in/on）
Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.
如果是特指的交通工具，則要加冠詞或其他限定詞：
My aunt left by the 9:15 train.
by air 乘飛機(jī)by bicycle/bike 騎自行車
by boat乘船by bus 乘公共汽車
by car乘小汽車by land 由陸路
by plane 乘飛機(jī)by sea 由海路
by ship乘船by train 乘火車
6、I'm coming to see you. 我將要來看你.
用 come 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) be coming 表示一般將來，表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。同樣用法的動(dòng)詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…
7、Dear me!
天哪!英國人說Dear me!或My dear!
美國人說 : My god! [] ([]發(fā)啊的音)注意美英的發(fā)音不同.
【Key structures】
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話的當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的事件,也用來表示現(xiàn)階段(一段時(shí)間)的動(dòng)向。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now，just，still等副詞連用：
I am working as a teacher. "現(xiàn)階段"
He is still sleeping. （現(xiàn)在還在睡覺）
Jane is just dressing up. 簡(jiǎn)正在打扮。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作, 真理, 是過去、現(xiàn)在和未來都會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般與頻率副詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。
Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.
頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前, 非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后；如果既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 要放在兩個(gè)之間；疑問句中副詞往往放在主語后面。在否定句中not必須放在always之前，而且也出現(xiàn)在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必須出現(xiàn)在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速記可以用在句尾；在特別強(qiáng)調(diào)和需要對(duì)比時(shí)，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副詞可用于句首。
I get paid on Friday usually.
Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.
非實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 :
① 系動(dòng)詞(be)
② 幫助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)
③ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(must, can, may) 除此之外都是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞.
I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容詞作狀語）
He went to school hungry.餓著肚子上學(xué).
You must come here hungry.空腹來這里.
【Special Difficulties】
以what開頭的感嘆句：
在英語中可用what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句來表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感嘆中主謂語采用正常語序。
What 對(duì)名詞感嘆，感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主語+謂語)!
What a good girl (she is)! （主、謂可省）
有上下文和一定的語境, 才能省略形容詞。一般省略形容詞表示批評(píng)或不大好的意思。
What a thing to say! 多么難聽的話啊！
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!
【Multiple choice questions】
5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ___a___ .
a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardly
late
lately
How are you going lately? 最近一段時(shí)間身體還好嗎?
8 He ___a___ out of the window and saw that it was raining.
a. looked b. saw c. remarked d. watched
look
see
watch
look at pictures (對(duì))；watch pictures(錯(cuò))
11 Breakfast is the first ___d___ of the day.
a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meal
lunch 中餐 food 食物
dinner 正餐
一天中最豐盛的那頓飯, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但決不會(huì)是早餐.
meal 一頓飯
Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card
【New words and expressions】（11）
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然無味，損壞
museum n. 博物館
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服務(wù)員，招待員
lend v. 借給
decision n. 決定
whole adj. 整個(gè)的
single adj. 唯一的，單一的
★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 給某人送（寄）什么東西
send/take children to school：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過第三人去送, 如美國的校車
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
兩個(gè)爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口語常用, 同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作)
ID card 身份證 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲(chǔ)蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無味, 損壞
① vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒能過好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 這場(chǎng)雨把學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)弄得一團(tuán)糟。
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
② vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太慣孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把東西的質(zhì)量變得不好; 生活中不順心的事;寵壞, 溺愛
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀
以上三個(gè)是指物理上的破壞, 而spoil主要指精神上的
★museum n. 博物館
Palace Museum 故宮
★public adj. 公共的
① adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的
There is a public library in this town.
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj. 公開的，眾人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開。
public house（酒吧）簡(jiǎn)稱pub
public place 公共場(chǎng)所
in public 公開的；in private 私下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 讓我們私下談?wù)?
Why not have a conversation in public? 為什么不公開談呢?(當(dāng)面說呢?)
③ n. 公眾，群眾，大眾
The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公眾對(duì)他的解釋很滿意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly adj. 友好的
friendly是形容詞，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語；作為狀語表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John.
She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服務(wù)員, 招待員
waiter(男服務(wù)員), waitress(女服務(wù)員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里
chief waiter 領(lǐng)班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見你們的領(lǐng)班。
shop assistant 商店里的店員
attendant n. （其他公共場(chǎng)所的）服務(wù)員
★lend v. 借給
lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from（借進(jìn)）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.）
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 決定
make /take a decision作出決定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大)
decide v. 決定
★whole adj. 整個(gè)的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期
all th…，all the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 唯一的, 單一的
反義詞 : double 雙倍的
【Text】
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
參考譯文：
明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我參觀了博物館, 還去了公園. 一位好客的服務(wù)員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z, 之后還借給我一本書. 我讀了幾行, 但一個(gè)字也不懂. 我每天都想著明信片的事. 假期過得真快, 可我還沒有給我的朋友們寄過一張明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一項(xiàng)重大決定. 我早早起了床, 買來了37張明信片. 我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天. 然而竟連一張明信片也沒寫成!
【課文講解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy.
last：
① adj. 上一個(gè)
last summer里的last表示 “上一個(gè)”
② adj. 最后一個(gè)，表示“最后一個(gè)”時(shí)要加冠詞the
the last day 最后一天 （具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian[]于Italy[] : 注意重讀音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
He teaches our English.(錯(cuò))
He teaches us English.(對(duì))
語言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè)）的意思。
The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問他一些問題。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考慮, 思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到
What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你覺得天氣怎么樣?
think over 仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考
What’s the weather like today?
cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll freeze.我要凍僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語連和時(shí)，意思為“花（時(shí)間）”、“度過”
spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過了多少時(shí)間
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
spend還可以表示“花錢”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.
I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般過去時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)通常表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接賓語與間接賓語
雙賓語：直接賓語(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，通常是人)。間接賓語大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語之前，如果間接賓語在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做）或“for”（表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
間接賓語在后面時(shí), 其前必須加to(對(duì)……而言)或for(為……而做)。可以翻譯為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to
與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
take flowers to my wife.
與for相連的 buy, order, make, find
I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you
find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個(gè)忙
I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach
人做主語提問——who 對(duì)賓語提問——whom
who既可以對(duì)主語提問也可以對(duì)賓語提問, 而whom只能對(duì)賓語提問
如果對(duì)主語提問, 則句子的語序和陳述句語序一樣；如果對(duì)非主語來提問, 則句子要使用特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句的語序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .
a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way
He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
作為狀語表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.
a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of
all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞all of us；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom
final——形容詞 end——名詞/動(dòng)詞 latest——形容詞 bottom——名詞
latest adj. 最新的
latest news；latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish
think about:考慮、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定決心
change one's mind:改變主意 make a wish : 許個(gè)心愿, 愿望, 許愿
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
【New words and expressions】（6）
exciting adj. 令人興奮的
receive v. 接受，收到
firm n. 商行，公司
different adj. 不同的
centre n. 中心
abroad adv. 在國外
★exciting adj. 令人興奮的
exciting adj. 令人興奮的；excited adj. 興奮的
-ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到
The news exciting.
exciting boy 令人興奮的男孩
I am excited.
excite v. 激動(dòng)（這類動(dòng)詞的賓語一定是人，讓后面的人感到……）
The news excited me.
interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的
interesting man
The man is interesting.
interest v. 對(duì)……感興趣
The book interests me. 那本書讓我感到很有趣
★receive v. 接受, 收到
① vt. 接到，收到，得到
When did you receive that letter?
② vt. 招待，接待
You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.
receive是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與否不清楚。
receive/have a letter from sb.
accept 同意接收
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didn't accept it.
take則是主動(dòng)的“拿”、“取”
I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.
take 也可以作收到
take the exam 接受考試； take advice 接受建議
