考研英語翻譯部分難度大，考生要想掌握翻譯的精髓就得加強對真題的研究和理解。新東方在線特別分享考研英語翻譯歷年真題解析，我們詳細(xì)的來分析下歷年真題，找到突破口：

1997年全真試題1998年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

Section I Cloze Test Directions：

For each numbered blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked[A]，

[B]，[C]，and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANS WER SHEET

1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（10 points）

Until recent 1y most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution.

Theylthat in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 2 man.

But they insisted that its 3 resuts during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 4 of the English population.5 contrast they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750，when England was still a 6 agricultural country，a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view.7，is generally thought to be wrong.Specialists 8 history and economics，have 9 two things:that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 10 by great poverty，and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

1.[A]admitted[B]believed[C]claimed[D]predicted

2.[A]plain[B]average[c]mean[D]normal

1997年

Directions:

Readthe following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. Itsounds like a useful, ground�瞔learing wayto start. (71) Actually, itisn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.

On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows thatanimals have none. (72) Somephilosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part ofan exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot haverights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, forexactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, thisis only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights notonly to animals but also to some people — for instance to infants, the mentallyincapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force acontract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply tosomebody who says “I don't like this contract”?

The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people,arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. (73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: itinvites you to think that animals should be treated either with theconsideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental,question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?

Many deny it. (74)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevantrespect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area ofmoral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake— a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed toother humans.

This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalentto chopping wood, may seem bravely “l(fā)ogical”. In fact it is simply shallow: theconfused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moralreasoning — the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl — is to weigh others'interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain isenough, for most, to engage sympathy. (75)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct formoral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather thanlaughed at.

精美譯文：

動物有權(quán)力嗎?問題通常就是這樣提出的。這種提法聽起來似乎有助于把問題講清楚。（71）事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權(quán)利有一種共識為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共識并不存在。

　　誠然，根據(jù)對權(quán)利的一種看法，必然認(rèn)為，這只是一種認(rèn)識，而且是一種有爭議的認(rèn)識。這種認(rèn)識不僅剝奪了動物的權(quán)利，而且也剝奪了某些人的權(quán)利，例如嬰兒，他們是不會用腦力來思考問題的未來一代人。此外，誰也不清楚，對于從來就不同意契約的人來說，這項契約又有多少約束力，因為有人要是說“我不喜歡這項契約”，那你又如何作答呢?

　　問題的癥結(jié)是，如果人們對人的權(quán)利沒有一致的看法，那么爭論動物的權(quán)利是徒勞無益的?（73）這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對待動物:要么像對人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。這是一處錯誤的選擇。最好換一種更為根本性的提法:我們對待動物的同情感用到關(guān)心動物的身上。

　　許多人否認(rèn)這種提法。（74）這類人持極端看法，認(rèn)為人與動物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對待動物無須考慮道德問題。任何關(guān)心動物疾苦的想法都是錯誤的，因為它把應(yīng)該用來關(guān)心其他人的同情感用到關(guān)心動物的身上。

這種觀點認(rèn)為，折磨猴子從道義上講無異于劈柴。這種看法似乎是大膽的“邏輯推理”。實際上，這種看法是非常膚淺的，因為它邏輯混亂，所以應(yīng)該摒棄。道德推理的最初級形式，和學(xué)習(xí)爬行的論理一樣，是針對自身利益去權(quán)衡他人利益。這就需要同情心和將心比心的想像力，沒有這兩點就無法用道德觀念來進(jìn)行思考。看到動物受苦足以使大多數(shù)人產(chǎn)生同情感。（75）這種反應(yīng)并不錯，這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用。這種本能應(yīng)該得到鼓勵，而不應(yīng)遭到嘲笑。

題目解析：

71)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of humanrights, which is something the world does not have.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

71) 狀語結(jié)構(gòu)Actually, // 主句it // isn't, //原因狀語從句because // it // assumes // 賓語從句that there // is // an agreed account of / human rights, // 定語從句which // is // something // 定語從句（省略that）the world // does not have.

詞義推敲：

it isn’t ＝ It isn’t a useful, ground-clearingway to start.譯作“事實并非如此”也能得分。

it主語代詞，根據(jù)上下文意思這種問法，這種說法。

because it assumes

it 指代“這種問題”，是第二次提及，所以可以譯作“它”。

assume：to take forgranted; suppose 想當(dāng)然；以為

an agreed accountof human rights：對于人權(quán)的約定的看法，共同的認(rèn)識

human rights 人的權(quán)利，人權(quán)

account：carefulthought 仔細(xì)考慮

which 指代“agreedaccount”

參考譯文：

事實并非如此，因為這種問法是以人們對人的權(quán)利有共同的認(rèn)識為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共同認(rèn)識并不存在。

這種問法不恰當(dāng)，因為這種問法假設(shè)人們對人權(quán)有共同的認(rèn)識，這種共同的認(rèn)識是（世界上）沒有的。

得分重點：

原因狀語從句，賓語從句，省略結(jié)構(gòu)

72) Some philosophers argue that rightsexist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties andentitlements.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

72) 主句Some philosophers // argue // 賓語從句that rights // exist // only within a social contract, // 介詞短語作非限制性定語as // part of / an exchange of / duties and entitlements.

詞義推敲：

argue：to attemptto prove by reasoning; maintain or contend 堅持，主張列舉證明極力列舉理由以證明；堅持或主張

social contract 社會契約

contract：an agreementbetween two or more parties, especially one that is written and enforceable bylaw 合同，契約兩個或兩個以上當(dāng)事人之間達(dá)成的一種協(xié)議，尤指具有法律效力的書面協(xié)議

as part of 作為(是)……的一部分

exchange：to give inreturn for something received; trade 交換，交易給…以作為收到某物的回報；貿(mào)易

duties and entitlements：權(quán)利和義務(wù)

entitle：to furnishwith a right or claim to something 給…權(quán)利或給…資格

參考譯文：

有些哲學(xué)家論證說，（權(quán)利只存在社會契約中，是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分/權(quán)利作為責(zé)任與權(quán)益相交換的一部分只存在于社會契約當(dāng)中）。

得分重點：

賓語從句 ，as的用法，多重后置定語

73) It leads the discussion to extremesat the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated eitherwith the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no considerationat all.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

73) 簡單句It // leads the discussion to // extremes // 介詞短語作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)at the outset: // 復(fù)合句it // invites you to //think // 賓語從句that animals // 被動結(jié)構(gòu)should be treated // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 either 介詞短語作方式狀語with the consideration // 定語從句省略結(jié)構(gòu)（that）humans // extend to // other humans, // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2or // 介詞短語作方式狀語 with no consideration at all.

詞義推敲：

it 指代“the point”（這種觀點，這種說法）。

lead：to guide ordirect in a course 導(dǎo)引在一方向牽引或指

extreme：極端

at the outset 從一開始 ＝ at thestart / beginning

invites you tothink 使人們認(rèn)為

invite：to tend tobring on; provoke 引起；招致

that animals shouldbe treated 它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該這樣對待動物

treat：to act orbehave in a specified manner toward 對待對…以某種特定的方式行動或表現(xiàn)

consideration：thoughtfulconcern for others; solicitude 關(guān)心對他人的體貼關(guān)心；擔(dān)憂

humans extend toother humans 人對待人

extend：to makeavailable; provide 可用；提供

參考譯文：

這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對待動物：（要么像對人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情/要么像人類對待自己一樣去關(guān)心動物，要么一點也不關(guān)心）。

得分重點：

賓語從句，被動結(jié)構(gòu)，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，定語從句，省略結(jié)構(gòu)

74) Arguing from the view that humansare different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kindthink that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

74) 分詞短語作狀語Arguing from // the view // 同位語從句that humans // are different from // animals // 介詞短語作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)in every relevant respect, // 主句extremists /后置定語of this kind // （指代關(guān)系）think// 賓語從句that animals // lie outside // the area of /moral choice.

詞義推敲：

arguing from theview 從……觀點看，持……觀點

be differentfrom... 與……不同

in every relevantrespect 在各相關(guān)方面

respect：a particularaspect, feature, or detail 某方面某個方面、某種特征或細(xì)節(jié)

relevant：having abearing on or connection with the matter at hand 相關(guān)聯(lián)的和手頭的事務(wù)有關(guān)系或關(guān)聯(lián)的

extremists 極端主義者，持極端觀點的人

lie outside thearea of moral choice：不在道德問題范圍，與道德取舍無關(guān)

參考譯文：

這類人持極端看法，認(rèn)為人與動物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，（因此他們認(rèn)為）對待動物無須考慮道德問題。

得分重點：

同位語從句，賓語從句

75) When that happens, it is not amistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinctthat should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

75) 時間狀語從句When // that // happens, // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)1 it // is not // a mistake: // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)2 it //is // mankind's instinct // 介詞短語作后置定語for moralreasoning / in action, // 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)an instinct // 定語從句that // should 并列結(jié)構(gòu)11 被動結(jié)構(gòu)be encouraged // rather than // 并列結(jié)構(gòu)22 省略結(jié)構(gòu)（be）laughed at.

詞義推敲：

that (代詞作主語)聯(lián)系上下文應(yīng)該譯為“當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生同情心的時候”

it 兩個“it”都指代“When that happens”，譯作“這”。

mankind's instinctfor moral reasoning 人類道德推理的本能

instinct：an inbornpattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a responseto specific environmental stimuli 本能一種天生的行為方式，其因物種不同而各異，通常是對某一具體環(huán)境刺激的反應(yīng)

reasoning：推理

in action 起作用

rather than 而不

Section IV English-Chinese Translation Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.(15

points)

They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected:a strip ofenormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth.31)

But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15

billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite --

Cobe--had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).