And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.
重點(diǎn)詞匯：proposal，sustainable development
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：up in arms，integrate...... within
解析：本句主語(yǔ)為代詞“some”，“be up in arms over”為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)為“a proposal”，其后面兩個(gè)“to do”并列短語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)，其中介詞短語(yǔ)“for social-science research”修飾“a specific funding category”，介詞短語(yǔ)“of sustainable development”修飾“cross-cutting topics”。
翻譯：在歐洲，一些人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)一項(xiàng)提議，即取消社會(huì)科學(xué)研究的特定資助類(lèi)別，并將其并入可持續(xù)發(fā)展的跨領(lǐng)域課題之中。
The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change, food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
重點(diǎn)詞匯：demographic，marine，inclusive，efficient
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：force.....to，integrate ...... with
解析：本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表語(yǔ)為“to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories”，其后面的“including ....”具體補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明“other categories”。
后面5個(gè)成分進(jìn)行并列分別是“health and demographic change”，“food security”，“marine research and the bio-economy”，“clear, efficient energy”，“inclusive, innovative and secure societies”。
翻譯：該想法是為了迫使社會(huì)科學(xué)家把他們的工作與其他領(lǐng)域結(jié)合起來(lái)，包括健康和人口變化、糧食安全、海洋研究和生物經(jīng)濟(jì)、清潔高效的能源以及有包容性、創(chuàng)新性和安全性的社會(huì)。
During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds—including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate—varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.
重點(diǎn)詞匯：humanities，corporate
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：as a percentage of
解析：該句子主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)為“national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds”，其中介詞短語(yǔ)“on social sciences and the humanities”為定語(yǔ)修飾“national spending”。分號(hào)并列省略句“it is about 15%”，介詞短語(yǔ)“in most European nations”為狀語(yǔ)。
翻譯：在20世紀(jì)90年代后期，國(guó)家在社會(huì)科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科上的支出占所有研究和開(kāi)發(fā)基金(包括政府、高等教育、非營(yíng)利組織和企業(yè))的比例從4%到25%不等;在大多數(shù)歐洲國(guó)家，這一比例約為15%。
These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.
本句27詞，整個(gè)句子一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句和兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，此句中，賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞都進(jìn)行了省略，因而全句并未見(jiàn)到任何的從屬連詞，關(guān)系詞。
1. 賓語(yǔ)從句：these rules (主語(yǔ)))say(謂語(yǔ)) they (主語(yǔ))must value (謂語(yǔ))some assets(賓語(yǔ)) at the price(狀語(yǔ))，出現(xiàn)兩套主謂，并無(wú)從屬連詞連接，these rules say they must value some assets at the price.....省略了that從屬連詞。還原：theses rules say (that) they must value some assets at the price。此處賓語(yǔ)從句比較常規(guī)，理解上不是很困難，value some assets表示：評(píng)估一些資產(chǎn) ，at the price 以......的價(jià)格
理解: 這些規(guī)則規(guī)定他們必須以......的價(jià)格評(píng)估一些資產(chǎn)。
2. 定語(yǔ)從句：the price (先行詞) a third party would pay(句子，主語(yǔ)a third party,謂語(yǔ) would pay); 名詞+句子，句子 a third party would pay修飾限定名詞the price，the price( that ) a third party would pay
理解：第三方愿意支付的價(jià)格。
同理the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch 同樣構(gòu)成以the price 為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句，從句為：managers and regulators would like them to fetch;fetch表示去取，賣(mài)得(某價(jià));
理解：經(jīng)理和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)想要它們出售所得的價(jià)格
整句：這些規(guī)則規(guī)定他們必須以第三方愿意支付的價(jià)格而不是經(jīng)理和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)想要它們出售所得的價(jià)格來(lái)評(píng)估一些資產(chǎn)。
And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.
本句28詞，整個(gè)句子包括一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句比較長(zhǎng)，但整個(gè)句子機(jī)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜。
從句從which will not sell assets 開(kāi)始到句末supposed bargains結(jié)束，yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains在從句中和will not sell assets形成并列。
主句：And dead markets(主語(yǔ)) partly reflect(謂語(yǔ)) the paralysis of banks (賓語(yǔ));the paralysis of banks， of banks 介詞短語(yǔ)跟在名詞paralysis后面做定語(yǔ)，表示銀行的癱瘓。
which定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定名詞banks;從句中詞組 for fear of表示擔(dān)心，害怕，book loss: 賬面損失，be reluctant to do sth 表示不情愿做。。。，supposed bargains 所謂的便宜貨;
從句理解：這些銀行因?yàn)閾?dān)心賬面損失而不出售資產(chǎn)，又不情愿購(gòu)買(mǎi)所有那些所謂的便宜貨。
整句：死寂的市場(chǎng)一定程度上反映了銀行的癱瘓，這些銀行一方面擔(dān)心賬面損失因而不會(huì)出售資產(chǎn)，但也也不情愿購(gòu)買(mǎi)那些被認(rèn)為是便宜貨的資產(chǎn)。
Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technology yet to come.
(2018年閱讀Text3)
本句共有32個(gè)詞，屬于考研英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)難句。
長(zhǎng)難句分析：
1、主句：the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction
主語(yǔ)：the author
謂語(yǔ)：produced
賓語(yǔ)：a remarkable work of speculative fiction
2、定語(yǔ)從句(先行詞work，在從句中作主語(yǔ))：that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technology yet to come
從屬連詞：that(即從句主語(yǔ)，指work)
謂語(yǔ)：would foreshadow
賓語(yǔ)：many ethical questions
定語(yǔ)：to be raised by technology yet to come(修飾questions)
3、before the invention of the electric light bulb屬于由before構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，翻譯的時(shí)候順譯即可，但是before里面有個(gè)of the electric light bulb小定語(yǔ)，需要放在invention前翻譯。
本句為復(fù)合句，主句意為：“作者已經(jīng)創(chuàng)作了一部引人注目的推理小說(shuō)”;定語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)，用來(lái)修飾先行詞questions，表明這些問(wèn)題的特點(diǎn)。
參考譯文：甚至在電燈泡發(fā)明之前，作者就已經(jīng)創(chuàng)作了一部引人注目的推理小說(shuō)，它預(yù)示著未來(lái)的技術(shù)將引發(fā)許多倫理問(wèn)題。
State will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.
(2018閱讀Text4)
本句共有38詞，屬于考研英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)難句。
1、主句：State will be able to force more people to pay sales tax
主語(yǔ)：State
謂語(yǔ)：will be able to force many people to
賓語(yǔ)：sales tax
2、狀語(yǔ)從句：when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday
從屬連詞：when
主語(yǔ)：they
謂語(yǔ)：make
賓語(yǔ)：online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday
3、定語(yǔ)從句：that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states
從屬連詞：that(先行詞decision)
主語(yǔ)：that
謂語(yǔ)：will leave sb. with和is (通過(guò)并列連詞but連接)
賓語(yǔ)：lighter wallets 和a big financial win for states
本句為復(fù)合句，主句意為“美國(guó)各州可以對(duì)更多的人征收銷(xiāo)售稅”;時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由when引導(dǎo);定語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)，先行詞是decision。
參考譯文：根據(jù)美國(guó)最高法院周四的一項(xiàng)裁決，美國(guó)各州可以對(duì)在線零售征收銷(xiāo)售稅。這項(xiàng)裁決將使購(gòu)物者的錢(qián)包變得更輕，但對(duì)各州來(lái)說(shuō)是一場(chǎng)重大的財(cái)政勝利。
Even those papers that continue to review fine-arts events are devoting less space to them, while the “think pieces” on cultural subjects that once graced the pages of big-city Sunday papers are becoming a thing of the past.
【單詞解析】：review：復(fù)習(xí)，評(píng)論，檢查;devote to：將……奉獻(xiàn)給，把……專(zhuān)用于;grace：n. 優(yōu)雅;v. 使…增色，使…優(yōu)美。
【句子分析】：本句為復(fù)合句，整體結(jié)構(gòu)為主句+while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
首先找主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可以作謂語(yǔ)的形式有continue to review, are devoting…to…。從屬連詞和其后最近的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成從句，continue to review前有that構(gòu)成從句，所以are devoting…to…為主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
其次找主干主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，those papers作主語(yǔ)，less space和them作賓語(yǔ)，在主語(yǔ)those papers后加了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾主語(yǔ)。
在while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，整體結(jié)構(gòu)和主句類(lèi)似，同樣是主語(yǔ)后加了that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，所以graced是that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，are becoming是狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，the “think pieces”是狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。
a thing 是賓語(yǔ)，of the past介詞短語(yǔ)修飾賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，在主語(yǔ)the “think pieces”后加了一個(gè)on介詞短語(yǔ)以及一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句全部用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)。
【參考譯文】：甚至是那些繼續(xù)評(píng)論高雅藝術(shù)事件的報(bào)紙，也減少了對(duì)這些事件的報(bào)道，與此同時(shí)那些曾經(jīng)裝點(diǎn)大城市周日?qǐng)?bào)紙版面的關(guān)于文化主題的思考文章，正在成為過(guò)去。
For pubulic institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money.
(2018年閱讀Text2)
本句共有33詞，屬于考研英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的長(zhǎng)難句。
1、主句：state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention
主語(yǔ)：state funds
謂語(yǔ)：are sometimes tied partly to
賓語(yǔ)：their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention
2、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money
主語(yǔ)：better grades
謂語(yǔ)：can mean
賓語(yǔ)：more money
插入語(yǔ)：by boosting figures like those
本句為復(fù)合句，主句意為“國(guó)家基金有時(shí)會(huì)與它們?cè)诋厴I(yè)率和學(xué)生留校率等指標(biāo)上的成功有一定關(guān)系”;結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so引導(dǎo)，表明前面的前面這件事情所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。
參考譯文：對(duì)公共機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，國(guó)家基金有時(shí)會(huì)與它們?cè)诋厴I(yè)率和學(xué)生留校率等指標(biāo)上的成功有一定關(guān)系，因此，通過(guò)提高分?jǐn)?shù)，更好的成績(jī)可能意味著更多的錢(qián)。
以下資料是中公考研教研室講師據(jù)考情分析、精選的長(zhǎng)難句，將從語(yǔ)法的角度，教大家如何分析一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句。
Rather than pulling students back(V-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)), a gap year(主語(yǔ)) pushes(謂語(yǔ)) them(賓語(yǔ)) ahead(adv作狀語(yǔ)) by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes(by介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)) —all things that first-year students(主語(yǔ)) often struggle with(謂語(yǔ)) the most.
(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾all things，在從句中作struggle with 的賓語(yǔ)，all things 指代破折號(hào)前and并列的3個(gè)名詞詞組)
翻譯：
間隔年不是讓學(xué)生后退，而是推動(dòng)他們向前，讓他們提前為獨(dú)立自主，承擔(dān)新的責(zé)任，適應(yīng)環(huán)境改變做好準(zhǔn)備——所有的這些事兒都總是需要大一新生努力去克服的。
以下資料是中公考研教研室講師據(jù)考情分析、精選的長(zhǎng)難句，將從語(yǔ)法的角度，教大家如何分析一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句。
Today(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)), widespread social pressure(主語(yǔ)) to immediately go to college(to do短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾pressure) in conjunction with (并列兩個(gè)N短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ))increasingly high expectations in a fast- moving world(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) often causes (謂語(yǔ)，因in conjunction with遵循就遠(yuǎn)原則，所以cause用單三)students (賓語(yǔ))to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year(of介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾possibility)(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)).
翻譯：
如今在快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的世界里，要求立即上大學(xué)的廣泛的社會(huì)壓力以及不斷增長(zhǎng)的高期望值總是會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生完全忽視上間隔年的可能性。
以下資料是中公考研教研室講師據(jù)考情分析、精選的長(zhǎng)難句，將從語(yǔ)法的角度，教大家如何分析一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句。
A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point. (2020英語(yǔ)一Text3)
主干：A pair of bills provide a case in point.
sponsored by Massachusetts …and House Speaker …Haddad為ved短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾bills
to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions為目的狀語(yǔ)
參考譯文：
馬薩諸塞州參議員賈森·劉易斯和眾議院臨時(shí)議長(zhǎng)帕特里夏·哈達(dá)德發(fā)起的兩項(xiàng)法案，旨在確保董事會(huì)和委員會(huì)的“性別均等”，就是一個(gè)很好的例子。
以下資料是中公考研教研室講師據(jù)考情分析、精選的長(zhǎng)難句，將從語(yǔ)法的角度，教大家如何分析一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句。
In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. (2020英語(yǔ)一Text2)
In some ways為方式狀語(yǔ)
the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet為主句，其中of the social internet為介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the economy
labour is provided…market places為同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明主句
其中while…表對(duì)比;who…places為定語(yǔ)從句修飾big firms
參考譯文：
在某些方面，科學(xué)出版模式類(lèi)似于社會(huì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)：勞動(dòng)力是免費(fèi)提供的，以換取地位的希望，而經(jīng)營(yíng)市場(chǎng)的幾家大公司卻獲得了巨額利潤(rùn)。
The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than f 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than f 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them. (2020英語(yǔ)一Text2)
主句：The Dutch giant Elsevier made profits of more than f 900m last year
Which…world：定語(yǔ)從句修飾The Dutch giant Elsevier;其中produced in the world為Ved短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾scientific papers
while UK universities alone … their own publicly funded research為while表對(duì)比
both figures seem to … efforts to change them為并列句;其中desperate efforts to change them為讓步狀語(yǔ)
參考譯文：
荷蘭巨頭Elsevier，號(hào)稱(chēng)出版了全球25%的科學(xué)論文，去年利潤(rùn)超過(guò)9億英鎊，而僅英國(guó)大學(xué)在2016年就花了超過(guò)2.1億英鎊讓研究人員獲得自己的公共資助研究;盡管越來(lái)越拼命地努力改變，這兩個(gè)數(shù)字似乎都在不停地上升。
Some might see the proposal as a booby prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008.(2020英語(yǔ)一Text1)
主語(yǔ)：Some(一些人)
謂語(yǔ)：might see…as…
賓語(yǔ)：the proposal ;a booby prize
原因狀語(yǔ)：for the fact
同位語(yǔ)從句：that Britain…2008，解釋說(shuō)明fact
同位語(yǔ)：a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008，解釋說(shuō)明the much more prestigious title，其中 bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008為V-ed短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾a sought-after award
參考譯文：
一些人可能會(huì)把這項(xiàng)提案看作是一個(gè)騙局，因?yàn)橛?guó)已經(jīng)不能再申請(qǐng)更具聲望的“歐洲文化之都”稱(chēng)號(hào)，這一受歡迎的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)在1990年被格拉斯哥和2008年被利物浦奪走。
在斷句的時(shí)候，我們可以看句子本身是否存在標(biāo)點(diǎn)，可以根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)去斷句。
倘若整個(gè)句子無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)，我們可以根據(jù)連詞：when / since/ because/ that/ which 等去斷句，或者介詞：in /at / on/ without/ beyond 等去斷句。
以下資料是中公考研教研室講師據(jù)考情分析、精選的長(zhǎng)難句，將從語(yǔ)法的角度，教大家如何分析一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句。圖片
We are even farther removed/ from the unfocused newspaper reviews published /in England /between the turn of the 20th century /and the eve of World War II, /at a time /when newsprint was dirt-cheap / and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications /in which it appeared.
句子主干部分：
We (主語(yǔ))are (系動(dòng)詞)even farther removed(表語(yǔ)) from the unfocused newspaper reviews(狀語(yǔ));published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II 作后置定語(yǔ)修飾reviews,
很明顯published 修飾的是reviews, focused 一般理解為焦點(diǎn)的，聚焦的，有重點(diǎn)的，focused newspaper 可以譯為主題鮮明的報(bào)紙，那么unfocused newspaper 則為主題多樣的報(bào)紙，雜感式報(bào)紙。
剩余部分分析：
at a time為介詞短語(yǔ) 作World War II,的同位語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)其后緊跟兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，at a time (先行詞)when(關(guān)系副詞) newsprint(主語(yǔ)) was dirt-cheap(謂語(yǔ)) and (并列連詞)stylish arts criticism(主語(yǔ)) was considered (謂語(yǔ))an ornament to the publications in which it appeared(整體作賓語(yǔ)。其中，which 關(guān)系代詞，先行詞為the publications)
該部分中的生詞，ornament 譯為裝飾，擺設(shè)，點(diǎn)綴。dirt-cheap 譯為毫無(wú)價(jià)值的，戲如糞土的，非常便宜的。stylish 譯為時(shí)髦的，現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格的，瀟灑的，雅致的。arts criticism 譯為藝術(shù)評(píng)論。
綜合，本句譯文為：
我們與20世紀(jì)初至二戰(zhàn)前夕英國(guó)的雜感式報(bào)紙?jiān)u論就更是無(wú)緣了，當(dāng)時(shí)，新聞?dòng)眉垉r(jià)廉如土，風(fēng)格獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)評(píng)論被看作是對(duì)刊登它的出版物的一種裝飾。
