- 1四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 2四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 3四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 4四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 5四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 6四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 7四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 8四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 9四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 10四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 11四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
- 12四川大學(xué)神經(jīng)病學(xué)
(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)解剖、生理、定位診斷與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查、輔助檢查)
【目的要求】
一、掌握內(nèi)容:
1、感覺、運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的定位診斷
2、癱瘓的類型
3、運(yùn)動(dòng)性、感覺性、命名性及混合性失語
4、腦脊液各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的正常值
二、熟悉內(nèi)容:
1、視、動(dòng)眼、外展、三叉、面、舌咽、迷走神經(jīng)和舌下神經(jīng)損時(shí)的主要癥狀體征,特別是眼肌麻痹表現(xiàn)
2、常見不自主運(yùn)動(dòng)及共濟(jì)失調(diào)類型
3、深、淺及病理反射的臨床意義
4、意識(shí)障礙的分類和特殊類型的意識(shí)障礙及腦死亡
5、腦不同部位損害的臨床表現(xiàn)
6、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的病史采集和臨床常規(guī)檢查方法以及與各論中疾病有關(guān)的定位診斷
三、了解內(nèi)容:
電生理、影像學(xué)檢查的意義及基因?qū)W診斷技術(shù)
【Objectives】
After completing of this chapter, you should have achieved the following goals:
1、Master topographic diagnosis of motor and sense lesions
2、Master the types of paralysis
3、Master the characteristics and lesion sites of motor aphasia, sensory aphasia, amnesic aphasia and total aphasia
4、Master the normal values of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) inspection
5、Familiar with the main manifestations of lesions of: optic nerve、oculomotor nerve、abducent nerve、trigeminal nerve、facial nerve、glossopharyngeal nerve、vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve; especially the manifestations of ophthalmoplegia
6、Familiar with the frequent types of involuntary movements and ataxia
7、Familiar with the clinical importances of superfacial reflexes, deep reflexes and abnormal reflexes
8、Familiar with: the levels of conciousness disorders, special types of conciousness and brain death
9、Familiar with: symptoms and signs of lesions of different part of the brain
10、Familiar with: The method of history collection and routine clinical examination, relative topographic diagnosis
11、Knowing the electrophysiology, imaging studies, and genetic investigations in neurology
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】 6學(xué)時(shí)
【lecturing time】 6 hour
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
一、意識(shí)障礙的分級(jí)及特殊類型的意識(shí)障礙、腦死亡
二、常見的失語(運(yùn)動(dòng)、感覺及混合性失語)及構(gòu)音障礙的解剖基礎(chǔ)與臨床表現(xiàn)
三、視、動(dòng)眼、滑車、外展、面、舌咽、迷走、舌下等顱神經(jīng)損害的主要癥狀、體征, 核上、下型眼肌麻痹表現(xiàn)
四、感覺系統(tǒng)
1、感覺的分類:特殊感覺、一般感覺、復(fù)合感覺
2、深淺感覺的傳導(dǎo)通路、主要節(jié)段支配
3、感覺障礙的幾種類型
4、各種感覺障礙的臨床表現(xiàn)和感覺障礙的定位診斷(皮質(zhì)、內(nèi)囊、腦干、脊髓、周圍神經(jīng)損害的特點(diǎn))。
五、運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)
1、運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)包括的范圍(隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)、錐體外系統(tǒng)及小腦系統(tǒng)),隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的傳導(dǎo)解剖通路
2、隨意運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙及上、下運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元癱瘓的鑒別
3、癱瘓的定位診斷(皮質(zhì)、內(nèi)囊、腦干、脊髓及損害表現(xiàn))
4、錐體外系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙,不自主運(yùn)動(dòng)、肌張力變化
(1)不自主運(yùn)動(dòng):震顫、痙攣、抽搐、舞蹈樣動(dòng)作、手足徐動(dòng)癥及扭轉(zhuǎn)痙攣
(2)肌張力變化:強(qiáng)直性增高、變型性肌張力障礙、肌張力降低。
5、小腦系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙:共濟(jì)失調(diào)的臨床表現(xiàn)及檢查方法
六、反射系統(tǒng)
深、淺反射的改變,病理反射的臨床意義,常見幾種病理反射
七、大腦、小腦、腦干的解剖及各部位損害的臨床特點(diǎn)。
八、輔助檢查
1、腦脊液:壓力及各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)正常值、電生理(腦電圖、肌電圖、誘發(fā)電位)、組織顯像(CT、MRI、同位素等)等項(xiàng)檢查的臨床意義,組織活檢(肌肉、神經(jīng)、腦)的臨床意義。
2、神經(jīng)心理學(xué)檢查(自學(xué))
【lecturing contents】
1、Classification of conscious disturbance, special types of conciousness, brain death
2、Manifestation of different aphasia and their localization; the anatomy and manifestation of dysphasia
3、the main manifestations of lesions of: optic nerve、oculomotor nerve、abducent nerve、trigeminal nerve、facial nerve、glossopharyngeal nerve、vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve; the manifestations of upper and lower motor neuron paralysis of extraocular muscles
4、Sensory system:
(1)classification of sensation: special sensation, common sensation, complex sensation
(2)the conducting contract pathway of superfacial and deep sensation; mian spreading section
(3)classification of sensational disorders
(4)manifestation of each kinds of sensation and the topography diagnosis of sensational disturbances (cortex, internal capsule, brain stem, spinal cord, peripheral nerve )
5、Movement system:
(1)Aspect of movement system (voluntary movement, extrapyrimidal system and cerebellar system), the conduct tract pathway of voluntary movement system
(2)Disturbances of voluntary movement; differentiation of the upper and the lower motor neuron paralysis
(3)topography diagnosis of palsy(cortex, internal capsule, brain stem, spinal cord)
(4)Disturbances of extrapyrimidal system; involuntary movement, changing of musclar tone
①Involuntary movement: tremor, spasm, tic, and so on
②Changing of muscular tone: rigidity, and so on
(5)Disturbances of cerebellar system: manifestation and examination of ataxia
6、Reflex system
Changing of superficial, deep reflex, clinical importance of pathological changes, pathological reflexes found often in clinic
7、The anatomy and the manifestation of lesions of the Cortex、Cerebellum、Brain stem: anatomy, signs and symptoms
8、Investigative studies:
(1)CSF: pressure, normal values. Electrophysiology(EEG, EMG, EP); Tissue imaging(CT, MRI, and so on); Tissue biopsy( muscle, nerve, brain)
(2)neuropsychology ( studying by students themselves)
腦血管疾病
(Cerebrovascular diseases)
【目的要求】
一、掌握內(nèi)容:
掌握腦動(dòng)脈血栓形成、腦出血、腦栓塞和蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血的臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷、鑒別診斷和治療原則
二、熟悉內(nèi)容:
熟悉短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作的概念、特點(diǎn)及治療措施
三、了解內(nèi)容:
1、了解急性腦血管疾病的分類,危險(xiǎn)因素和預(yù)防
2、了解腔隙性及分水嶺腦梗死的概念,臨床特點(diǎn)及治療措施
【Objectives】
1、Master: the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of cerebral infarction, apoplexy and subarachnoid hemorrhage
2、Familiar with: the conception, manifestation and treatment of transient ischemic attack.
3、Knowing: classification, risk factor and prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
4、Knowing: conception, clinical manifestation, treatment of lacunar infarction,cerebral watershed infarction
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】 6學(xué)時(shí)
【lecturing time】 6 hours
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
1、腦血管應(yīng)用解剖、腦血管病的危險(xiǎn)因素及病因
2、動(dòng)脈血栓性腦梗死的病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制、病理、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和鑒別診斷、治療原則
3、腦栓塞病因、表現(xiàn)
4、短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作的病因、臨床特點(diǎn)、診斷、治療
5、腦出血的病因、發(fā)病原理、病理、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和鑒別診斷、治療原則
6、蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血的病因、病理、臨床表現(xiàn)、輔助檢查、診斷、鑒別診斷和治療原則
7、腔隙性和分水嶺腦梗死的定義,病因、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和治療
【lecturing contents】
1、Blood supply of the brain and symptom of occlusion of main cerebral vessels, risk factors and causes
2、The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of cerebral thrombosis
3、The etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of cerebral embolism
4、The etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment principles of transient ischemic attack.
5、The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of cerebral hemorrhage
6、The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestion, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
7、Conception, cause, manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of lacunar infarction
8、Conception, cause, manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral watershed infarction
9、Conception, cause, manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral cerebral venous thrombosis
周圍神經(jīng)病
(Peripheral Neuropathy)
急性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病
(Guillain-Barre’綜合征, GBS)
【目的要求】
一、掌握內(nèi)容:
掌握急性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病的臨床表現(xiàn)及診斷
二、熟悉內(nèi)容:
熟悉急性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病的鑒別診斷和治療原則
【Objectives】
1、Master: the clinical manifestation and diagnosis of Gullain-Barre’ syndrome
2、Familiar with: the differential diagnosis and treatment principles of Gullain-Barre’ syndrome
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】 40分鐘
【lecturing time】 40 min
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
1、病因:多種原因引起的自身免疫性疾病
2、病理:神經(jīng)根、神經(jīng)節(jié)、周圍神經(jīng)的主要病理改變是髓鞘脫失
3、臨床表現(xiàn):急性或亞急性發(fā)作;對(duì)稱性四肢周圍性癱瘓;未梢型感覺障礙;可伴有顱神經(jīng)麻痹、電生理檢查、腦脊液內(nèi)的蛋白細(xì)胞分離現(xiàn)象,呼吸肌麻痹是主要死因
4、診斷和鑒別診斷:本病主要與急性脊髓炎、急性脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、周期性麻痹鑒別
5、治療::①對(duì)癥治療、癱瘓(包括球麻痹和呼吸肌麻痹)的治療。②病因治療:免疫球蛋白、血漿置換
【lecturing contents】
1、Etiology: autoimmune mediated
2、Pathology:
3、Clinical manifestation: supranuclear paralysis of four limbs, distal sensory impairment, cranial nerve palsy, separation of CSF protein and leucocytes, decreased nerve conduction velocity
4、Diagnosis and differentiation: differential diagnosis with low potassium periodic paralysis, myasthenia gravis and acute myelitis
5、Treatment: ① symptomatic treatment; ②etiologic treatment: plasma exchange, immunoglobulin injection of vein
多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病
(Polyneuropathy)
【目的要求】
一、掌握內(nèi)容:
掌握多發(fā)性周圍神經(jīng)病的臨床表現(xiàn)特點(diǎn)
二、熟悉內(nèi)容:
熟悉多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病的病因
【Objectives】
1、Master the clinical features of polyneuropathy.
2、Familiar with causes of polyneuropathy.
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】10分鐘
【lecturing time】 10 min
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
1、病因:感染、中毒、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、代謝、結(jié)締組織病、遺傳性疾病、腫瘤、poems
2、臨床表現(xiàn):
(1)四肢遠(yuǎn)端無力、萎縮
(2)手套、襪套樣各種感覺障礙
(3)皮膚顏色改變與汗液改變
3、診斷 :①注意病因診斷②電生理檢查
4、治療原則:①病因治療是關(guān)鍵②B族維生素③對(duì)癥④康復(fù)治療
【lecturing contents】
1、Etiology: poisoning, poor nutrition, infection, metabolism, autoimmune and heredity,tamour, poems
2、Clinical manifestation: amyosthenia and amyotrophia in distal segments of limbs; sensory loss of glove and socks form; weak or loss of tendon reflex; autonomic dysfunction
3、Diagnosis: ideological diagnosis
4、Treatment principle
特發(fā)性面神經(jīng)麻痹<面神經(jīng)炎>
(Idiopathic facial palsy)
【目的要求】
一、掌握內(nèi)容:
掌握特發(fā)性面神經(jīng)麻痹的臨床表現(xiàn)
二、熟悉內(nèi)容:
熟悉治療方法
【Objectives】
1、Master the clinical manifestation of idiopathic facial palsy
2、Familiar with the treatment of idiopathic facial palsy
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】 20分鐘
【lecturing time】 20 min
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
1、病因:未完全明確
2、臨床表現(xiàn):急性起病,呈單側(cè)面神經(jīng)周圍性麻痹的癥狀和體征
3、診斷:與其它原因引起的面神經(jīng)麻痹
4、治療:急性期短期用①皮質(zhì)類固醇②神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)藥物進(jìn)行治療③針灸、理療④眼的護(hù)理
【lecturing contents】
1、Etiology
2、Clinical manifestation: symptoms and signs of unilateral peripheral facial palsy (Bell’s palsy)
3、Diagnosis: differential diagnosis with supranuclear facial paralysis and those due to other reasons
4、Treatment: ①corticosteroids ②vitamin B1and B2 in acute phase; ③facial muscle training and physiotherapy④ nursing care on the eyes
三叉神經(jīng)痛
(Trigeminal nerve disease)
【目的要求】
熟悉內(nèi)容:
1、熟悉三叉神經(jīng)痛的臨床表現(xiàn)
2、熟悉三叉神經(jīng)痛的治療方法
【Objectives】
1、Familiar with: the clinical manifestation of trigeminal neuralgia
2、Familiar with: the therapy of trigeminal neuralgia
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】 15分鐘
【lecturing time】 15 min
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
1、病因:原發(fā)性三叉神經(jīng)痛的病原尚未完全明確
2、臨床表現(xiàn):
①疼痛的部位:二、三支
②疼痛的特點(diǎn):性質(zhì)、時(shí)間、反復(fù)
③扳機(jī)點(diǎn)
④間歇期正常無體征
3、診斷:
①診斷要點(diǎn)
②與癥狀性三叉神經(jīng)痛相鑒別。
4、治療:①藥物:卡馬西平、B12、鞍莫鈉;②封閉:無水酒精注射;③射頻熱凝;④手術(shù)治療,首選藥物為卡馬西平
【lecturing contents】
1、Etiology: not completely clear
2、Manifestation: repeated paroxysm of intense, stabbing pain in the distribution of mandibular and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve
3、Diagnosis: differential diagnosis with the symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia
4、Treatment: ①medicine therapy: cabamazepine, large dose of vitamine B12, phenytoin sodium; ②nerve blocking or surgery: ③stereotactically controlled thermocogulatin of trigeminal roots using a radio-frequency generator; microvascular decompression
神經(jīng)-肌肉接頭與肌肉疾病
重癥肌無力
(Myasthenia Gravis)
【目的要求】
一、掌握內(nèi)容:
掌握重癥肌無力的臨床表現(xiàn)
二、熟悉內(nèi)容:
1、熟悉重癥肌無力危象的診斷
2、熟悉重癥肌無力的處理
【Objectives】
1、Master: the clinical manifestation of myasthenia gravis
2、Familiar with: diagnosis of myasthenia gravis crisis
3、Familiar with: the treatment of myasthenia gravis
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】 30分鐘
【lecturing time】30 min
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
1、簡(jiǎn)述重癥肌無力的病因,發(fā)病原理
2、臨床表現(xiàn):
臨床特征——肌易疲勞性、癥狀波動(dòng)性,三種危象的原因及鑒別要點(diǎn)
3、診斷與鑒別診斷:
診斷的主要依據(jù):肌易疲勞的臨床表現(xiàn),疲勞試驗(yàn)陽性,藥物試驗(yàn),陽性肌電檢查及AchR抗體滴度測(cè)定,是否有胸腺瘤,甲狀腺機(jī)能亢進(jìn)等疾病。并須與Lambert-Eaton綜合征等病鑒別。肌無力危象的診斷
4、治療:
抗膽鹼酯酶藥物、皮質(zhì)類固醇,免疫抑制劑治療、胸腺手術(shù)、危象處理
【lecturing contents】
1、Briefly introduce etiology and pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis
2、Clinical manifestation
3、Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
4、Treatment of myasthenia gravis
周期性癱瘓
(Familial periodic paralysis)
【目的要求】
一、掌握內(nèi)容:
掌握周期性癱瘓的臨床表現(xiàn)及低血鉀型周期性癱瘓的治療
二、熟悉內(nèi)容:
熟悉周期性癱瘓的鑒別診斷
【Objectives】
1、Familiar with: the clinical manifestation and treatment of periodic paralysis
2、Familiar with: the differential diagnosis of periodic paralysis
【教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)】20分鐘
【lecturing time】20min
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】
1、簡(jiǎn)述周期性癱瘓的病因及發(fā)病機(jī)制
2、低鉀型周期性癱瘓的臨床表現(xiàn)
3、各型周期性癱瘓的鑒別診斷
4、低鉀型周期性癱瘓的治療
【lecturing contents】
1、Introduce briefly etiology and pathogenesis of periodic paralysis
2、Clinical manifestation of periodic paralysis
3、Differential diagnosis on various types of periodic myasthenia
4、Treatment of periodic paralysis
