課程介紹：這門課概述近代開始直到20世紀20年代社會思想史的發(fā)展及重要著作，講授社會和思想環(huán)境、概念框架和方法論以及對當代社會分析的貢獻。談到的作者包括霍布斯、洛克、盧梭、孟德斯鳩、亞當·斯密、馬克思、韋伯和杜克海姆。
第二講概覽：
An examination of Hobbes’s lifetime reveals that the uncertainty of the British monarchy （君主政體）during his life (1588-1679) inspires Hobbes’s social and political thought, especially regarding the role of the sovereign to provide for the security of his subjects. We consider the major elements of Hobbes’s political and social thought including the state of nature, equality of men, the social contract, the strong sovereign, and legitimate rule. Hobbes’s work privileges security of individuals through a strong sovereign but also asserts the right of subjects to transfer their allegiance to a new sovereign if the ruler does not provide for their security; this element of his work in particular and others made him a controversial thinker who was forced into exile for a time. His work has been rediscovered in recent years by economists and other social scientists who see him as the first rational choice theorist.
第二講課前閱讀任務(wù)：
Hobbes, Leviathan
- Chapter 6-7, pp. 118-134
- Chapter 11, pp. 160-168
- Chapter 13-14, pp. 183-201
- Chapter 17, pp. 223-228
- Chapter 30, pp. 376-394
第三講概覽：
John Locke, a liberal thinker and near-contemporary of the conservative Hobbes, disputes Hobbes’s thinking in some keys ways and builds on it in others. Locke starts his political theory with a notion of individuals in the state of nature being free, equal and reasonable; the state of nature is not synonymous with the state of war for Locke as it is for Hobbes. Locke argues that states should protect the property of individuals and must govern with the consent of subjects. Unlike Hobbes’s strong, unitary sovereign, Locke envisions a separation of the powers of the state into executive, legislative, and federative powers. We examine how Locke’s political and social thought assumes an abundance of resources while Hobbes’s thought is predicated on an assumption of scarcity.
第三講課前閱讀任務(wù)：
Locke,Second Treatise of Government
- Chapter 1-5, pp. 267-302
- Chapter 7-13, pp. 318-374
