情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解及練習(xí)(Modal Verbs)
* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可稱(chēng)為“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 (Modal Auxiliaries)”,因?yàn)樗突局鷦?dòng)詞(be,do, have)都屬于助動(dòng)詞類(lèi)。 * 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和其他動(dòng)詞連用,可表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣。* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可表達(dá)建議、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。* 常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can, could, may, might, shall, should,will, would, must,這九大情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;其他的還有ought to, need, dare 等。
一、九大情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系:
1. 現(xiàn)在式 can -- 過(guò)去式 could 2. 現(xiàn)在式 may -- 過(guò)去式 might 3. 現(xiàn)在式 shall -- 過(guò)去式 should
4. 現(xiàn)在式 will -- 過(guò)去式 would 5. 現(xiàn)在式 must -- 過(guò)去式 must (常用had to來(lái)代替)
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“可能”或“預(yù)測(cè)”
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“預(yù)測(cè)”:
1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。(否定句)
2. Can the news be true? 這消息可能是真的嗎? (將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 置于主語(yǔ) the news 前就成疑問(wèn)句)
3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯錯(cuò)誤。(只表示理論上的可能性)
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事實(shí)上的可能性”或“預(yù)測(cè)”:
1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能會(huì)發(fā)生) 明天可能會(huì)下雨。
2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示預(yù)測(cè)) 今天下午可能會(huì)下雪。
3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是對(duì)的。
(3)will 和 would 用于表示“預(yù)測(cè)”或“習(xí)慣性”:
1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。 (will be 表示一定會(huì))
2. That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母親。(would be 表示肯定是)
3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.
他經(jīng)常一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒看著河水。(will 表示經(jīng)常的)
(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:
1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 總有一天我會(huì)發(fā)達(dá)的。
2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be)那準(zhǔn)是Sam和他的母親。
(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必會(huì)”:
1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 這肯定對(duì)你是有益的。
2. All mankind must die.(表示必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事) 所有的人一定會(huì)死的。
3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑問(wèn)句) 那肯定會(huì)有錯(cuò)誤嗎?
三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“許可”、“請(qǐng)求”
(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)
(1)can 和 could 用于表示“許可”、“請(qǐng)求”:
1. Can I go with you? (請(qǐng)求)我能跟你一起走嗎?
2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示過(guò)去的許可) 爸爸說(shuō)我可以去看電影。
3. Could I ask you something? (請(qǐng)求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉(zhuǎn))我可以問(wèn)你一件事嗎?
(2)will 和 would 用于表示“請(qǐng)求”
1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)到郵局怎么走?(表示客氣請(qǐng)求)
2. Would you give me your address? 請(qǐng)你告訴我你的地址,好嗎?(用would比will表示更客氣)
(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人稱(chēng),表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)
1. Shall we talk? 我們談?wù)労脝幔?/p>
2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客氣) 下一步我們?cè)撛趺醋觯?/p>
3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句) 要不要他來(lái)看你?
(4)may 和 might 用于表示“許可”(口語(yǔ)中多用can)
1. You may take a walk. (表示給予許可) 你可以散散步。
2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 是否請(qǐng)給我讀一讀這故事。
3. May I make a suggestion? 我可以提個(gè)建議嗎?
4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行嗎?
5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不許可或禁止)
學(xué)生不得在圖書(shū)館里吵鬧。
6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于條件句,表示請(qǐng)求)
你是不對(duì)的,如果我可以這么說(shuō)的話(huà)。
(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不準(zhǔn)”:
1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不許可) 此地不準(zhǔn)停車(chē)。
2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 語(yǔ)氣方面比 may not 更強(qiáng))
你們不準(zhǔn)在池里釣魚(yú)。
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“應(yīng)該”、“必須”
(shall, should, may, might, must, ought to)
(1)shall 和 should 用于表示“必須”:
①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示規(guī)定) 每一個(gè)會(huì)員必須配帶名卡。
②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示應(yīng)該)我應(yīng)該盡快給他回信。
③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't “不應(yīng)該”含有勸告的意思)
你不應(yīng)該總是以貌取人。
④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于規(guī)章等,表示義務(wù)和規(guī)定)
新規(guī)則于一月一日起生效。
(2)may 和 might 用于表示“應(yīng)該"(多用于法律等條文,一般上多用 shall):
①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示規(guī)定) 應(yīng)以支票付款。
②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示應(yīng)該)
你應(yīng)該先問(wèn)過(guò)再使用我的電腦。
(3)must 用于表示“必須”、“務(wù)必”:
①. You must keep the place clean. (務(wù)必) 你務(wù)必保持地方干凈。
②. We must obey orders. (表示有義務(wù)) 我們必須服從命令。
③. Must I pay now? (用于疑問(wèn)句) (如回答不必時(shí),需用 needn't 或 don't have to)
我現(xiàn)在就得付款嗎?
五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“意圖”、“打算”
(will, would, shall, should)
(1)will 和 would 用于表示某種意圖:
①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人稱(chēng))我會(huì)盡快打電話(huà)給你。
②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 則表示更客氣)你愿意接受這邀請(qǐng)嗎?
③. Who will do the job? (用于條件句,可用于各種人稱(chēng)) 誰(shuí)愿意做這事?
④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)我們不愿呆在這里太久。
(2)shall 和 should 用于表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意圖:
①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)
如果下雨,我們就不打算走了。
②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人稱(chēng))我不打算和你一同走。
六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“意愿”
(will, would, shall, should)
(1)will 和 would:
①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主語(yǔ)的意愿) 如果你問(wèn)她,她會(huì)做的。
②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用 would 比 will 客氣)你想再來(lái)一杯茶嗎?
③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑問(wèn)句,表示問(wèn)人是否愿意)你想吃些烤餅嗎?
④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于條件句,用于第二、三人稱(chēng))如果他愿意,他會(huì)做的。
⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語(yǔ)氣) 你能原諒我嗎?
(2)shall 和 should:
①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的意愿)
他會(huì)拿到他的津貼的。
②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你樂(lè)意,坐多久能行。
③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑問(wèn)句中,表示問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿)
你愿意和我一起到學(xué)校去嗎?
此外,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是初中英語(yǔ)里的一個(gè)重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,也是全國(guó)各省市中考試題的一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn),現(xiàn)在以全國(guó)部分省市中考試題為例,對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)作一分析。
一、考查can的用法
a. 考查can表示能力的用法。
在這一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,會(huì)",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在過(guò)去時(shí)中用could和couldn't。例如:
1. --- Where's Mr. Lee? I have something unusual to tell him.
--- You________find him. He________Japan. (黑龍江)
A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to
2. --- Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?
--- Sorry. It________in such a short time. (山東威海)
A. may do B. can't be done C. must do D. needn't be done
3. I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. (江西)
A. must B. have to C. need to D. can
4.________you mend my car? I______not start it. (常德市)
A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may
5.________she ride when she was three years old? (長(zhǎng)沙市)
A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May
6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. (四川省)
A. can B. may C. could
b. 考查can表示推測(cè)的用法。
在這一用法中,can意為"可能",表示客觀可能性,常常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。例如:
7. --- Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?
--- No, it________be him. Mr. Li is much taller. (河北)
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't
8. --- Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?
--- No. It________be her. She is at school now. (重慶市)
A. will; may not B. must; mustn't C. may; can't D. may; won't
9. --- Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?
--- No, he________be there. He has gone to Tianjin. (新疆)
A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't
10. Class 3 won the football match! ________it be true? (廣東)
A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can
c. 考查can / could表示請(qǐng)求許可的用法
在這一用法中,can和could都表示現(xiàn)在,用could比用can語(yǔ)氣更加委婉客氣,常用Could I / you...?句式,表示"我/你能……嗎?",若表示同意要用can,不用could。例如:
11. --- Could I look at your pictures?


