課程目錄

情態(tài)動詞講解及練習(xí)(Modal Verbs)

* 情態(tài)動詞也可稱為“情態(tài)助動詞 (Modal Auxiliaries)”,因為它和基本助動詞(be,do, have)都屬于助動詞類。 * 情態(tài)動詞和其他動詞連用,可表示說話人的語氣。* 情態(tài)動詞可表達(dá)建議、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。* 常用的情態(tài)動詞有:can, could, may, might, shall, should,will, would, must,這九大情態(tài)動詞;其他的還有ought to, need, dare 等。

一、九大情態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)關(guān)系:

  1. 現(xiàn)在式 can -- 過去式 could  2. 現(xiàn)在式 may -- 過去式 might  3. 現(xiàn)在式 shall -- 過去式 should

  4. 現(xiàn)在式 will -- 過去式 would    5. 現(xiàn)在式 must -- 過去式 must (常用had to來代替)

二、情態(tài)動詞表示“可能”或“預(yù)測”

(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“預(yù)測”:

 1. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。(否定句)

2. Can the news be true? 這消息可能是真的嗎? (將情態(tài)動詞 can 置于主語 the news 前就成疑問句)

 3. Anybody can make mistake. 任何人都可能犯錯誤。(只表示理論上的可能性)

(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事實上的可能性”或“預(yù)測”:

 1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能會發(fā)生) 明天可能會下雨。

 2. It may snow later this afternoon. (表示預(yù)測) 今天下午可能會下雪。

 3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是對的。

(3)will 和 would 用于表示“預(yù)測”或“習(xí)慣性”:

1. I think he will be all right now. 我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。 (will be 表示一定會)

2. That would be his mother. 那肯定是他母親。(would be 表示肯定是)

3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.

他經(jīng)常一連幾個小時坐在那兒看著河水。(will 表示經(jīng)常的)

(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:

 1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 總有一天我會發(fā)達(dá)的。

 2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be)那準(zhǔn)是Sam和他的母親。

(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必會”:

 1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 這肯定對你是有益的。

 2. All mankind must die.(表示必然會發(fā)生的事) 所有的人一定會死的。

 3. Mustn't there be a mistake? (mustn't 多用于疑問句) 那肯定會有錯誤嗎?

三、情態(tài)動詞表示“許可”、“請求”

(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)

(1)can 和 could 用于表示“許可”、“請求”:

 1. Can I go with you? (請求)我能跟你一起走嗎?

 2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示過去的許可) 爸爸說我可以去看電影。

 3. Could I ask you something? (請求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉(zhuǎn))我可以問你一件事嗎?

(2)will 和 would 用于表示“請求”

 1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? 請問到郵局怎么走?(表示客氣請求)

 2. Would you give me your address? 請你告訴我你的地址,好嗎?(用would比will表示更客氣)

(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的意見

 1. Shall we talk? 我們談?wù)労脝幔?/p>

 2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客氣) 下一步我們該怎么做?

 3. Shall he come to see you? (用于第三人稱疑問句) 要不要他來看你?

(4)may 和 might 用于表示“許可”(口語中多用can)

 1. You may take a walk. (表示給予許可) 你可以散散步。

 2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 是否請給我讀一讀這故事。

 3. May I make a suggestion? 我可以提個建議嗎?

 4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行嗎?

 5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不許可或禁止)

  學(xué)生不得在圖書館里吵鬧。

 6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于條件句,表示請求)

  你是不對的,如果我可以這么說的話。

(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不準(zhǔn)”:

 1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不許可) 此地不準(zhǔn)停車。

 2. All of you mustn't fishing in the pool. (must not 語氣方面比 may not 更強)

    你們不準(zhǔn)在池里釣魚。

四、情態(tài)動詞表示“應(yīng)該”、“必須”

(shall, should, may, might, must, ought to)

(1)shall 和 should 用于表示“必須”:

 ①. Each member shall wear a name card. (表示規(guī)定) 每一個會員必須配帶名卡。

 ②. I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示應(yīng)該)我應(yīng)該盡快給他回信。

 ③. You shouldn't judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldn't “不應(yīng)該”含有勸告的意思)

    你不應(yīng)該總是以貌取人。

 ④. The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. (shall 用于規(guī)章等,表示義務(wù)和規(guī)定)

    新規(guī)則于一月一日起生效。

(2)may 和 might 用于表示“應(yīng)該"(多用于法律等條文,一般上多用 shall):

 ①. Payment may be paid by check.(表示規(guī)定) 應(yīng)以支票付款。

 ②. You might ask before you use my computer. (might表示應(yīng)該)

    你應(yīng)該先問過再使用我的電腦。

(3)must 用于表示“必須”、“務(wù)必”:

 ①. You must keep the place clean. (務(wù)必) 你務(wù)必保持地方干凈。

 ②. We must obey orders. (表示有義務(wù)) 我們必須服從命令。

 ③. Must I pay now? (用于疑問句) (如回答不必時,需用 needn't 或 don't have to)

    我現(xiàn)在就得付款嗎?

五、情態(tài)動詞表示“意圖”、“打算”

(will, would, shall, should)

(1)will 和 would 用于表示某種意圖:

 ①. I'll call you as soon as possible. (will 主要用于第一人稱)我會盡快打電話給你。

 ②. Will you accept this invitation? (用would 則表示更客氣)你愿意接受這邀請嗎?

 ③. Who will do the job? (用于條件句,可用于各種人稱) 誰愿意做這事?

 ④. We won't (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿)我們不愿呆在這里太久。

(2)shall 和 should 用于表示說話人的意圖:

 ①. We shan't (shall not) go if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)

    如果下雨,我們就不打算走了。

 ②. I shan't go with you. (shall 只用在第一人稱)我不打算和你一同走。

六、情態(tài)動詞表示“意愿”

(will, would, shall, should)

(1)will 和 would:

 ①. She will do it if you ask her.(表示主語的意愿) 如果你問她,她會做的。

 ②. Would you have another cup of tea? (用 would 比 will 客氣)你想再來一杯茶嗎?

 ③. Will you have some cookies? (will用于疑問句,表示問人是否愿意)你想吃些烤餅嗎?

 ④. If he will, he can do it. (will 用于條件句,用于第二、三人稱)如果他愿意,他會做的。

 ⑤. Would you excuse me? (would 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣) 你能原諒我嗎?

(2)shall 和 should:

①. He shall get his allowance. (注意是he shall, 表示說話人的意愿)

他會拿到他的津貼的。

 ②. You should sit here as long as you like. 只要你樂意,坐多久能行。

 ③. Shall you go to school with me? (疑問句中,表示問對方的意愿)

    你愿意和我一起到學(xué)校去嗎?

此外,情態(tài)動詞是初中英語里的一個重要語法項目,也是全國各省市中考試題的一個考查熱點,現(xiàn)在以全國部分省市中考試題為例,對情態(tài)動詞的考點和熱點作一分析。

一、考查can的用法

a. 考查can表示能力的用法。

在這一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,會",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在過去時中用could和couldn't。例如:

1. --- Where's Mr. Lee? I have something unusual to tell him.

--- You________find him. He________Japan. (黑龍江)

A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to

2. --- Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?

--- Sorry. It________in such a short time. (山東威海)

A. may do B. can't be done C. must do D. needn't be done

3. I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. (江西)

A. must B. have to C. need to D. can

4.________you mend my car? I______not start it. (常德市)

A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may

5.________she ride when she was three years old? (長沙市)

A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May

6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. (四川省)

A. can B. may C. could

b. 考查can表示推測的用法。

在這一用法中,can意為"可能",表示客觀可能性,常常用于疑問句和否定句中。例如:

7. --- Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?

--- No, it________be him. Mr. Li is much taller. (河北)

A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't

8. --- Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?

--- No. It________be her. She is at school now. (重慶市)

A. will; may not B. must; mustn't C. may; can't D. may; won't

9. --- Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?

--- No, he________be there. He has gone to Tianjin. (新疆)

A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't

10. Class 3 won the football match! ________it be true? (廣東)

A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can

c. 考查can / could表示請求許可的用法

在這一用法中,can和could都表示現(xiàn)在,用could比用can語氣更加委婉客氣,常用Could I / you...?句式,表示"我/你能……嗎?",若表示同意要用can,不用could。例如:

11. --- Could I look at your pictures?


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