一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
1 .字母:26 個(gè)字母的大小寫:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
2.語(yǔ)音:元音的發(fā)音
五個(gè)元音字母: A E I O U
12 個(gè)單元音:
前元音:[i :][r]/e/[æ],中元音:[3:][ə],后元音:[D:][a][o:][u:][u][∧]
雙元音(8個(gè))
(1)合口雙元音(5個(gè)) : [ai] [ei] [au] [au] [oi]
(2)集中雙元音(3個(gè)): [Tə ] [ eə ] [ uə ]
二、10 種單詞詞性
動(dòng)詞 v. 名詞 n. 冠詞 art. 副詞 adv. 形容詞 adj. 介詞 prep. 數(shù)詞 num. 感嘆詞 int. 連詞 conj. 代詞 pron.
三、8 組人稱代詞
疑問(wèn)
代
詞
I 我(主格) me 我(賓格) my 我的
you 你(主格) you 你(賓格) your 你的
she 她(主格) her 她(賓格) hers 她的
he 他(主格) him 他(賓格) his 他的
we 我們(主格) us 我們(賓格) our 我們的
they 他們(主格) them 他們(賓格) their 他們的
It 它(主格) it 它(賓格) its 它的
that 那,那個(gè) these 這些 those 那些
四、20 個(gè)疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞
問(wèn)什么 what 問(wèn)原因 why 問(wèn)哪里 where
問(wèn)哪個(gè) which 問(wèn)誰(shuí) who 問(wèn)誰(shuí)的 whose
問(wèn)顏色 what color 問(wèn)幾點(diǎn) what time 問(wèn)星期 what day
問(wèn)時(shí)候 when 問(wèn)怎樣 how 問(wèn)年齡 how old
問(wèn)多大 how big 問(wèn)多長(zhǎng) how long 問(wèn)多久 how time
問(wèn)多少 how many 問(wèn)價(jià)格 how much 問(wèn)多高 how tall
五、16種時(shí)態(tài)
1.-般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do
2.-般過(guò)去時(shí)did
3.-般將來(lái)時(shí)will do
4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would do
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be doing
6.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing
7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done
8.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing
9.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done
10.將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done
11過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行would be doing
12.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成would have done
13.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have been doing
14.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行had been doing
15.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing
16.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing
六、常見(jiàn)英文縮寫
I am ---I' m
That is--- that' s
did not---didn' t
Is not --- isn' t
It is --it' s
can not--- can' t
What is ---what' s
There is---there' s
I will ---I' II
are not--- aren' t
You are--- you' re
When is---when' s
He is ---he's
do not---don' t
we will--we' II
was not --- wasn' t
We are--- we' re
Who is--- who' s
She is --- She' s
does not--- doesn' t
will not---won' t
were not--- weren' t
They are---they' re
where is--- where' s
七、8大被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does am/is/are
②-般將來(lái)時(shí) will do will/shall be done
③一般過(guò)去時(shí) did was/were done
④現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be doing am/is/are being doing
⑤現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has done have/has been done
⑥過(guò)去完成時(shí) had done had been done
⑦過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) would do would be done
⑧過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) be doing was/were being done
八、句子結(jié)構(gòu)
主+謂:S+V 主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ):S+V+O+C 主+謂+賓:S+V+O
主+謂+賓賓:S+V+0+O 主+系+表:S+V+C 名詞性從句
九、8大時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.always總是
2.usually通常
3.often經(jīng)常
4.sometimes有時(shí)
5.never從不;
6.every day每天
7.every time每次
8.in the morning早上
9.once a week每周1次
10.three times a week每周三次
11.twice a month每月兩次
12.hardly ever幾乎不
13.every Sunday每個(gè)周日
14.at night在晚上
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1.ago以前
2.yesterday昨天
3.just now剛才
4.last time上次
5.last night昨晚
6.last year去年
7.last term上學(xué)期
8.last Monday周一
9.once曾經(jīng)
10.once upon a time曾經(jīng)
11.in+過(guò)去的時(shí)間過(guò)去某時(shí)
12.in the early days在早期
13.the day before yesterday前天
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1.tomorrow明天
2.the day after tomorrow后天
3.tomorrow night明晚
4.next time下次
5.next Friday下周五
6.next month'下個(gè)月
7.soon很快
8.next ter下學(xué)期
9.in+一段時(shí)間 多久之后
10.sooner or later遲早
11.at once立刻
12.by the end of+將來(lái)時(shí)間
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.now現(xiàn)在
2.look看
3.listen聽(tīng)
4.at this time此時(shí)
5.at this moment此時(shí)
6.at present現(xiàn)在
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.at that time在那時(shí)
2.at that moment在那時(shí)
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.tomorrow明天
4.the day after tomorrow后天
2.soon待會(huì)
3.the week/ month/ year...
5.next week/month/ year/..下個(gè)周/月/明年
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.already已經(jīng)
2.yet還
3.just剛才
4.never從不
5.ever曾經(jīng)
6.before以前
7.up to now目前為止
8.so far目前為止
9.for+ 一段時(shí)間
10.since+過(guò)去某一時(shí)間
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
by+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)
before +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)
by the time到..時(shí)候?yàn)橹?nbsp;
by then到那時(shí)候
up until+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)
up until then直到那時(shí)
by last time最后一次
up until last time直到上次
by the end of last week到了上周末
十、名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格
(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如: book-books,bag-bags ,cat - cats,bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es, 如: bus -buses, box- boxes, brush-brushes, watch- watches
3.以”輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:family- -families , strawberry - strawberries
4.以“f或fe” 結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如: knife - knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse -mice, child-children, foot -feet, tooth-teeth.fish-fish .people-people, Chinese -Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice , tea
(二)名詞的格
1.有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
(1)單數(shù)后加's,如: Lucy'sruler ; my father' s shirt
(2)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加' 如:“his friends bags
(3)不以S結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加’s,如: children ' s shoes
a)并列名詞中,如果把' s加在最后一一個(gè)名詞后,表示共有,
如:Tom and Mike’s car湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
b)要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加' s
Tom ' S and Mike ' s cars湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
2、表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞通常用"of +名詞”來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系:
如: a picture of the classroom a map of China
十一、冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞
不定冠詞a/an(泛指)
an+元,a+輔,序詞又一個(gè)
①an+元音aeiou
如:an umbrella,an hour, an honest boy (拼讀時(shí)h不發(fā)音,o發(fā)元音)
②a+輔音(除元音)
如:a cat,a uniform, a university,a useful book, a one-way street 一條街 (o不發(fā)元音)
③a/an+序數(shù)詞:又一個(gè)
如:I have a third apple . 我又吃了一個(gè)蘋果.(表示一共吃三個(gè))
定冠詞the(特指)
一家人過(guò)中國(guó)節(jié),宇宙日月星辰
定冠詞+形 容 詞、分 詞、姓 氏:“ 某 一 類人/家人”
如:the rich富人,the wounded傷員,the Greens格林家
中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日
如:the Dragon Boat Festival,the Spring Festival (Chines New Year)
宇宙中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物
如:the sun,the earth,the moon,the sky,the world
固定早中晚,手拉樂(lè)器,在80年西方
固定搭配
如:play the violn,in the morning,in the east,in the 1980s,on the shoulder
黃河專屬地,演奏得最好,世界第一名
專有名詞
如:the West Lake,the Pacife Ocean,the Yellow River
序數(shù)、形容詞最高級(jí)
如:the third,He is the talest.
零冠詞(泛指)
人名抽身份,有其他限定
人/地名、抽象名詞、身份
如:Mike、Shanghai、love、mum
有其它限定詞
如:this book、each person
學(xué)習(xí)餐球棋,在洋節(jié)12月星期5
球/棋類,三餐,學(xué)科
如:play football、play chess、eat dinner、learn English
星期,月份,外國(guó)節(jié)日
如:on Sunday、on October 1st、Children’s Day